Kusukela emaphaketheni angcolile amboza imiphakathi emincane yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kuya kumfucumfucu onqwabelana ezitshalweni ukusuka e-US kuya e-Australia,

Ukuvinjelwa kweChina ukwamukela upulasitiki osetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke kufake enkingeni imizamo yokugaywa kabusha kwezinto.

Umthombo: AFP

● Lapho amabhizinisi okugaywa kabusha angena eMalaysia, umnotho wabamnyama wahamba nawo

● Amanye amazwe athatha ukuvinjelwa kweChina njengethuba futhi asheshe ukujwayela

 Kusukela emaphaketheni angcolile amboza imiphakathi emincane yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kuya kumfucumfucu onqwabelana ezitshalweni kusukela e-US kuya e-Australia, ukuvinjelwa kweChina ukwamukela upulasitiki osetshenzisiwe emhlabeni kuye kwafaka imizamo yokuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha.

Iminyaka eminingi, i-China yathatha inqwaba yamapulasitiki alahliwe emhlabeni wonke, icubungula ingxenye enkulu yawo ibe yimpahla yekhwalithi ephezulu engasetshenziswa abakhiqizi.

Kodwa, ekuqaleni kuka-2018, yavala iminyango yayo cishe kuyo yonke imfucumfucu yepulasitiki yangaphandle, kanye nokunye okuningi okugaywa kabusha, ngomzamo wokuvikela indawo yayo kanye nezinga lomoya, okushiya amazwe athuthukile edonsa kanzima ukuthola izindawo zokuthumela imfucuza yawo.

“Kwakunjengokuzamazama komhlaba,” kusho u-Arnaud Brunet, umqondisi-jikelele weqembu lezimboni ezinze eBrussels, i-Bureau of International Recycling.

“I-China bekuyimakethe enkulu kakhulu yezinto ezigaywa kabusha. Kudale ukushaqeka okukhulu emakethe yomhlaba. ”

Esikhundleni salokho, ipulasitiki iqondiswe kabusha ngobuningi bayo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, lapho ama-recyclers aseShayina eseguqukile.

Njengoba kunedlanzana elikhulu elikhuluma isiShayina, iMalaysia yayiyinketho ephezulu kubashicileli baseShayina ababefuna ukuthutha, futhi idatha esemthethweni yabonisa ukuthengwa kwepulasitiki okuphindwe kathathu kusuka kumazinga ka-2016 kuya kumathani angu-870,000 ngonyaka odlule.

Edolobheni elincane lase-Jenjarom, eduze nase-Kuala Lumpur, izimboni zokucubungula ipulasitiki zavela ngobuningi bazo, zikhipha intuthu eyingozi ubusuku nemini.

Izindunduma ezinkulu zemfucumfucu yepulasitiki, elahlwe obala, zanqwabelana njengoba abagayi bezinto ezisetshenziswa kabusha bezabalaza ukubhekana nokugcwala kokupakishwa kwezimpahla zansuku zonke, njengokudla nezihlanzi zokuwasha, ezivela ezindaweni ezikude njengaseJalimane, e-US, naseBrazil.

Ngokushesha izakhamuzi zabona ukunuka kwe-acrid edolobheni - uhlobo lwephunga elivamile uma kucutshungulwa upulasitiki, kodwa abakhankasi bezemvelo bakholelwa ukuthi enye intuthu iphuma ekushisweni kwemfucumfucu yepulasitiki ebisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu ukuthi ingaphinda isetshenziswe.

“Abantu bahlaselwe yintuthu enobuthi, ibavusa ebusuku. Abaningi bebekhwehlela kakhulu,” kusho isakhamuzi uPua Lay Peng.

“Ngangingakwazi ukulala, ngangingakwazi ukuphumula, ngangihlale ngizizwa ngikhathele,” kwengeza lo oneminyaka engu-47.

Abamele i-NGO yesazi sezemvelo bahlola imboni yemfucuza yepulasitiki elahliwe e-Jenjarom, ngaphandle kwase-Kuala Lumpur e-Malaysia. Isithombe: AFP

UPua kanye namanye amalungu omphakathi baqala ukuphenya futhi, maphakathi no-2018, base bethole izindawo ezilungisa izinto ezingaba ngu-40, eziningi zazo ezazibonakala zisebenza ngaphandle kwezimvume ezifanele.

Izikhalo zokuqala ezibhekiswe kwiziphathimandla azizange ziye ndawo kodwa zaqhubeka nengcindezi, nokwagcina ngokuthi uhulumeni azithathele izinyathelo. Iziphathimandla ziqale ukuvala amafekthri angekho emthethweni e-Jenjarom, futhi zamemezela ukumiswa kwesikhashana kwezimvume zokungenisa epulasitiki ezweni lonke.

Izimboni ezingamashumi amathathu nantathu zavalwa, nakuba izishoshovu zikholelwa ukuthi abaningi bathuthele buthule kwenye indawo ezweni. Izakhamuzi zithi izinga lomoya selithuthukile kodwa ezinye izindawo zokulahlwa kwepulasitiki zisekhona.

E-Australia, e-Europe nase-US, abaningi balabo abaqoqa amapulasitiki nezinye izinto ezigaywa kabusha bashiywe bezama ukuthola izindawo ezintsha zokuyithumela.

Babhekane nezindleko eziphakeme zokuyicubungulwa ngabasebenza kabusha ekhaya futhi kwezinye izimo baphendukela ekuyithumeleni ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu njengoba ulahlwa lwanqwabelana ngokushesha.

“Ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili kuqhubeke, sisayizwa imiphumela kodwa asikakadluleli ezisombululweni kuze kube manje,” kusho u-Garth Lamb, umongameli wenhlangano yemboni ye-Waste Management and Resource Recovery Association yase-Australia.

Abanye baye bashesha ukujwayela indawo entsha, njengezikhungo ezithile eziphethwe yiziphathimandla zendawo eziqoqa okugaywa kabusha e-Adelaide, eNingizimu ye-Australia.

Izikhungo zazithumela cishe yonke into - kusukela kupulasitiki kuye ephepheni nasezingilazini - eChina kodwa manje amaphesenti angama-80 asetshenzwa izinkampani zasendaweni, kanti amanye amaningi athunyelwa eNdiya.

Udoti uyahlungwa bese uhlelwa endaweni yokugaywa kabusha kwe-Northern Adelaide Waste Management Authority e-Edinburgh, indawo esenyakatho yedolobha lase-Adelaide. Isithombe: AFP

Udoti uyahlungwa bese uhlelwa endaweni yokugaywa kabusha kwe-Northern Adelaide Waste Management Authority e-Edinburgh, indawo esenyakatho yedolobha lase-Adelaide. Isithombe: AFP

Yabelana:

"Sihambe ngokushesha sabheka ezimakethe zasekhaya," kusho u-Adam Faulkner, isikhulu esiphezulu seNorthern Adelaide Waste Management Authority.

“Sithole ukuthi ngokweseka abakhiqizi bakuleli, sikwazile ukubuyela ezindlekweni zokuvinjelwa kwangaphambi kweChina.”

Ezwekazini laseChina, ukungeniswa kwemfucuza yepulasitiki kwamanye amazwe kwehle kusuka kumathani angama-600,000 ngenyanga ngo-2016 kuya cishe ku-30,000 ngenyanga ngo-2018, ngokusho kwedatha ecashunwe embikweni wakamuva weGreenpeace kanye ne-NGO yezemvelo i-Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives.

Lapho izikhungo eziphithizelayo zokugaywa kabusha zashiywa njengoba amafemu eshintshela eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.

Lapho evakashele edolobheni eliseningizimu ye-Xingtan ngonyaka odlule, u-Chen Liwen, umsunguli we-NGO yezemvelo i-China Zero Waste Alliance, wathola ukuthi imboni yokugaywa kabusha yayingasekho.

“Ama-recyclers epulasitiki ayengasekho – kwakukhona izimpawu ‘zokuqasha’ ezazinamekwe eminyango yefekthri ngisho nezimpawu zokuqasha ezibiza abagadli abanolwazi lokuphinda bathuthele eVietnam,” kusho yena.

Amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia athintwe ekuqaleni kokuvinjelwa kweChina - kanye neMalaysia, Thailand kanye neVietnam ashaywe kanzima - athathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukungenisa kwepulasitiki, kodwa imfucuza imane iqondiswe kwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kwemingcele, njenge-Indonesia neTurkey, Kusho umbiko weGreenpeace.

Njengoba kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye kuphela amapulasitiki ake akhiqizwa kabusha, abakhankasi bathi ukuphela kwesixazululo sesikhathi eside senkinga kadoti wepulasitiki ukuthi izinkampani zenze okuncane kuthi abathengi basebenzise kancane.

Umkhankasi weGreenpeace uKate Lin uthe: "Ukuphela kwekhambi lokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki ukukhiqiza ipulasitiki encane."